Prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Bulidha sub county, Bugiri district.

Abstract

Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the intracellular bacterium Anaplasma marginale, is a vector borne disease that presents significant health risks to cattle and leads to economic losses in the livestock sector. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle within Bulidha Sub County, Bugiri District, and to investigate potential associations between infection rates and demographic factors, including breed, sex, and age. Understanding these patterns is critical for formulating effective disease management strategies. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 400 cattle from multiple farms in Bulidha Sub County. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using serological tests (indirect ELISA) to detect antibodies against Anaplasma marginale. Data were recorded for breed (local vs. crossbred), sex (male vs. female), and age groups (young, adult, senior), with statistical analyses performed using Chi-square tests to examine associations, setting significance at p < 0.05. The study revealed an overall prevalence of Anaplasma marginale infection at 20.2% (81 positive samples out of 400). Infection rates were similar across breeds, sexes, and age groups, with no statistically significant associations found between prevalence and breed (p = 0.421), sex (p =0.778), or age (p = 0.961). These findings suggest that susceptibility to anaplasmosis is relatively consistent across different demographic categories. However, the notable infection rate emphasizes the need for proactive disease control measures. To mitigate the impact of anaplasmosis, it is recommended that farmers adopt routine testing for Anaplasma marginale, ensuring timely treatment of infected animals to prevent further transmission. Enhanced tick control through regular acaricide use and improved pasture management to reduce tick habitats are also advised. Educating cattle farmers and local veterinary personnel on anaplasmosis prevention, tick control, and biosecurity practices is essential. Collaborative efforts involving veterinary authorities, researchers, and livestock owners will be crucial in establishing sustainable management strategies to control anaplasmosis and support healthy livestock production in the region.