Abstract:
In Uganda, agriculture is the backbone of the economy and the primary source of income for rural communities. The sector contributes 23% of the country's GDP, employs over 70% of the population, and supports the growing food demand. Namutumba sub-county, located in the Busoga region, relies heavily on agriculture, with farmers depending on it for their livelihoods. However, many of these farmers face poverty, food insecurity, and low status, indicating that their agricultural practices are often unprofitable. This study aimed to assess the impact of groundnut production on the income of smallholder farmers in Namutumba sub-county, as groundnuts are a commonly grown crop with a ready market and higher prices. The researcher, guided by experts, used Easterby-Smith's (2013) formula to determine a sample size of 152 participants, all of whom were groundnut farmers. Data analysis using descriptive statistics revealed that more females participate in groundnut production than males. The research into the socio-economic status and perceived benefits of groundnut farming provided valuable insights into the demographics and challenges faced by these farmers. Notably, 59.2% of groundnut producers were women, with the highest participation rates among middle-aged individuals (36-45 years) at 39.47%. This highlights the significant role of women in agriculture and underscores the need for gender-sensitive agricultural policies. Most groundnut farmers had low educational attainment, primarily holding only primary or secondary education, which likely hinders their ability to adopt advanced farming techniques and enhance productivity. Although groundnut production meets subsistence needs, it may not generate sufficient income to significantly improve living standards. To make groundnut production a profitable venture in Namutumba sub-county, supportive policies should empower female farmers. This includes providing access to credit, offering training on improved farming techniques, and ensuring effective delivery of agricultural extension services tailored for women. Additionally, training programs focusing on enhanced production methods, pest management, and post-harvest handling should be introduced to boost productivity and profitability.
