A pollutant tracking model for mitigating the effect of urbanisation on water quality of river Namatala

Abstract

Urbanization significantly impacted water quality by introducing pollutants into river systems, necessitating effective tracking and mitigation strategies. This study developed a pollutant tracking model for River Namatala to assess and mitigate the effects of urbanization on its water quality. The research employed a combination of field data collection, laboratory analysis and modelling techniques to characterize pollutants, track their sources, and propose mitigation measures. The study began by identifying key pollutants affecting River Namatala through water sampling and laboratory analysis. Parameters such as turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients were analysed to determine the extent of pollution. The research integrated SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) as the primary modelling framework, enabling the simulation of pollutant transport and source identification. Additionally, statistical analysis using Excel sheets was applied to characterise the pollutants, providing insights into their variation across different locations and seasons. The findings indicated that urban runoff, industrial discharge and agricultural activities were the primary contributors to water pollution in River Namatala. High concentrations of nutrients and organic matter suggested eutrophication risks while this contamination posed concerns for public health and aquatic life. The pollutant tracking model effectively mapped pollution hotspots and predicted potential future trends under different land use scenarios. Based on the model’s outputs, the study proposed targeted mitigation strategies, including improved wastewater management, riparian buffer restoration, and policy recommendations for urban planning. This study provided a comprehensive approach to pollutant tracking and mitigation in urbanized river systems. The integration of field data, laboratory analysis and modeling tools offered a replicable framework for managing water quality challenges in similar environments. The recommendations derived from this study could guide policymakers, water resource managers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to safeguard water quality amid increasing urbanization.